#31 Production Deployment on Ubuntu

Summary

A guide to configure your Ubuntu installation and deploy a Ruby on Rails application. Lock down the settings to prevent unwanted access.
rails production security deployment 16:15
5-30-2016
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8

Resources

Ubuntu Server - http://www.ubuntu.com/download/server
Digital Ocean - https://www.digitalocean.com/
Securing your Server - https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/an-introduction-to-securing-your-linux-vps
Setting up a firewall - https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-setup-a-firewall-with-ufw-on-an-ubuntu-and-debian-cloud-server 

Summary

updates and add usersudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade -y
adduser deploy
sudo usermod -aG sudo deploy
sudo apt-get install curl nano git libmysqlclient-dev coffeescript gawk g++ gcc make libreadline6-dev libssl-dev libyaml-dev libsqlite3-dev sqlite3 autoconf libgmp-dev libgdbm-dev libncurses5-dev automake libtool bison pkg-config libffi-dev -y
login as deploy user, install applicationgpg --keyserver hkp://keys.gnupg.net --recv-keys 409B6B1796C275462A1703113804BB82D39DC0E3
\curl -sSL https://get.rvm.io | bash -s stable
source /home/deploy/.rvm/scripts/rvm
rvm install 2.3.1
echo 'gem: --no-document' >> ~/.gemrc
gem update --system
gem install bundler
git config --global user.email 'YOUR_EMAIL'
git config --global user.name 'YOUR_NAME'
ssh-keygen -t rsa -C "YOUR_EMAIL"
cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
git clone [email protected]:driftingruby/sample_application.git
cd sample_application
bundle
echo 'export RAILS_ENV=production' >> ~/.bashrc
source ~/.bashrc
gem install passenger
install passenger dependenciessudo apt-get install apache2 libcurl4-openssl-dev apache2-dev libapr1-dev libaprutil1-dev
install mysql serversudo apt-get install mysql-server
configure application settingsnano config/database.yml
nano config/secrets.yml
install passenger apache modulesudo a2enmod headers
passenger-install-apache2-module
/etc/apache2/apache2.conf   LoadModule passenger_module /home/deploy/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.1/gems/passenger-5.0.28/buildout/apache2/mod_passenger.so
   <IfModule mod_passenger.c>
     PassengerRoot /home/deploy/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.1/gems/passenger-5.0.28
     PassengerDefaultRuby /home/deploy/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.1/wrappers/ruby
   </IfModule>
/etc/apache2/sites-enabled/000-default.confPassengerMaxPoolSize 4
  <VirtualHost *:80>
      Header add Strict-Transport-Security max-age=31536000
      DocumentRoot /home/deploy/sample_application/public
      <Directory /home/deploy/sample_application/public>
         Header unset ETag
         AllowOverride all
         Options -MultiViews
         Order allow,deny
         Allow from all
         Require all granted
      </Directory>
      PassengerMinInstances 2
  </VirtualHost>
If you need to create and configure self-signed certificatessudo mkdir /etc/apache2/ssl
cd /etc/apache2/ssl
sudo openssl req -x509 -nodes -days 365 -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout apache.key -out apache.crt
sudo a2enmod ssl
enable apache module rewritesudo a2enmod rewrite
/etc/apache2/sites-enabled/000-default.conf# Redirects 80 traffic to 443 
<VirtualHost *:80>
    Redirect permanent "/" "https://107.170.118.82/"
</VirtualHost>

<VirtualHost *:443>
    Header add Strict-Transport-Security max-age=31536000
    DocumentRoot /home/deploy/sample_application/public
    <Directory /home/deploy/sample_application/public>
       Header unset ETag
       AllowOverride all
       Options -MultiViews
       Order allow,deny
       Allow from all
       Require all granted
    </Directory>
    SSLEngine on
    SSLCertificateFile /etc/apache2/ssl/apache.crt
    SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/apache2/ssl/apache.key
    PassengerMinInstances 2
</VirtualHost>
restart apachesudo service apache2 restart
locking down sshsudo nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config
sudo su
sudo mv /root/.ssh/authorized_keys ~/.ssh/
sudo chown -R deploy ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
sudo service ssh restart
installing and configuring ufwsudo apt-get install ufw
sudo ufw status
sudo ufw allow 22222/tcp
sudo ufw allow www/tcp
sudo uff allow 443/tcp
sudo ufw enable
Kiran Patil said about 1 year ago:

Hi,


Please add nginx with puma configuration for production.


Thanks.

kobaltz PRO said about 1 year ago:

This is the config that I use for nginx/puma. The puma.rb is within the rails application's config folder.

nginx.conf

upstream backend {
  server unix:///var/run/puma/my_app.sock;
}
server {
  listen 80;
  server_name _ localhost;
  access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log main;
  error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
  large_client_header_buffers 8 32k;
  root /var/app/current/public;
  location / {
    proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
    proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
    proxy_set_header X-NginX-Proxy true;
    proxy_buffers 8 32k;
    proxy_buffer_size 64k;
    proxy_pass http://backend;
    proxy_redirect off;
    # enables WS support
    location /cable {
      proxy_pass http://backend;
      proxy_http_version 1.1;
      proxy_set_header Upgrade "websocket";
      proxy_set_header Connection "Upgrade";
      proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
      proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
    }
  }
  
  location /assets {
    alias /var/app/current/public/assets;
    gzip_static on;
    gzip on;
    expires max;
    add_header Cache-Control public;
  }
  location /public {
    alias /var/app/current/public;
    gzip_static on;
    gzip on;
    expires max;
    add_header Cache-Control public;
  }
}

config/puma.rb

threads_count = ENV.fetch("RAILS_MAX_THREADS") { 5 }
threads     2, threads_count
port        ENV.fetch("PORT") { 3000 }
environment ENV.fetch("RAILS_ENV") { "development" }
workers     ENV.fetch("WEB_CONCURRENCY") { 2 }
preload_app!
before_fork do
  ActiveRecord::Base.connection_pool.disconnect! if defined?(ActiveRecord)
end
on_worker_boot do
  ActiveRecord::Base.establish_connection if defined?(ActiveRecord)
end
plugin :tmp_restart


Kiran Patil said about 1 year ago:

Thanks, one more thing is don't we need daemonize to run puma in background and environment is pointing to "development" in pumb.rb but it should be "production".

Kiran Patil said about 1 year ago:

Hi,

Have you used capistrano for app deployment ?

Please throw some light on it.

Thanks.

Kiran Patil said about 1 year ago:

What would be configuration/tuning for postgresql on production ?

kobaltz PRO said about 1 year ago:

I don't do too much with PostgreSQL, but is there specific cases that you're looking for?

Kiran Patil said about 1 year ago:

No, I am looking for generic configuration tuning for on-premise server.

amarillo11 said 6 months ago:

Any reasoning on rvm over rbenv?

kobaltz PRO said 6 months ago:

it is a personal preference. Ive been using it for years without problems so I have not had a reason to change.

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